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MAI-2025-0005
Published:May 16, 2026
Updated:May 16, 2026
Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to structure transformation attacks, wherein adversarial prompts are encoded across various syntactic formats such as SQL, JSON, and syntaxes generated by LLMs themselves. These attacks preserve the malicious intent while modifying the linguistic structure, rendering detection methods that rely on token-level pattern analysis ineffective. Mitigation steps: **For AI Developers:** * Develop safety mechanisms that identify harmful concepts beyond token-level patterns. * Implement defenses that are resilient to diverse syntaxes, including those produced by LLMs. * Regularly audit and update safety filters to adapt to new and emerging attack techniques. **For Model Trainers/Fine-tuners:** * Train LLMs on a wide variety of structured data formats to improve generalization and robustness against structure transformation attacks. * Incorporate adversarial training focused on countering structure transformation attacks.
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CVSS v4
Base Score:
8.7
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Attack Requirements
NONE
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Vulnerable System Confidentiality
NONE
Vulnerable System Integrity
HIGH
Vulnerable System Availability
NONE
Subsequent System Confidentiality
NONE
Subsequent System Integrity
NONE
Subsequent System Availability
NONE
CVSS v3
Base Score:
7.5
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality
NONE
Integrity
HIGH
Availability
NONE
AIVSS
Base Score:
4.9